Diabetes is one of the most common diseases in the world. Despite its complexity, there are still some ways to greatly promote a person's life. First of all, you need to follow certain eating habits.
If you stick to the right diet, diabetes will not affect your overall health in any way. In addition, the possibility of various complications such as heart attack and stroke will also be reduced.
Type of diet
Diabetes diet depends on the type of disease itself and age category. Therefore, there are general principles for establishing proper nutrition, and these principles are adjusted according to the individual indicators of the human body.
Since there is no cure for this disease, a certain menu is assigned to reduce its danger. Eating the right foods at clearly defined times is essential for:
- Reduce the risk of chronic and acute complications,
- Maintain good health and relatively strong immunity,
- Prevent or reduce weight gain,
- Keep blood sugar levels within an acceptable range.
There are two types of diabetes. In other words, the first type is called insulin-dependent. Its development is related to the damage and death of cells located in the pancreas and responsible for producing insulin.
With it, nutrition aims to maintain the insulin treatment process, but is another way to control the disease. Its principles are similar to those that healthy people follow in terms of getting a good figure and happiness.
The main difference is the need to calculate the amount of carbohydrates. Since the treatment of type 1 diabetes involves taking insulin, you need to monitor the percentage of carbohydrates in your daily diet. Generally, it should not exceed 60%.
Since type 2 diabetes is also insulin-independent and occurs in obese people, diet comes first. In the early or mild stage of the disease, the important point is to get rid of excess weight rationally.
When this type of diabetes reaches a moderate or even severe degree, in addition to diet, drugs to lower blood sugar or insulin will be prescribed. It is worth noting that in this case, you also need to pay special attention to physical activity. Thanks to them, obesity and other problems can be solved without surgery.
The most popular diet is the so-called 8 and 9 tables. The eighth diet table is suitable for people who are overweight or have a tendency to be overweight. The ninth is as the basis for determining the diet of diabetic patients.
Diabetes diet 9
Diet No. 9 is believed to have a therapeutic effect and is used to normalize metabolism (carbohydrates). It also aims to prevent diseases related to fat metabolism. Its calorie content should not exceed 2500 kcal.
The characteristics of this diet are as follows:
- The calorie content should be reduced by eating easily digestible animal fats and carbohydrates (except sweets and sugars).
- Partially limit or completely eliminate cholesterol and salt,
- Eat more vitamins and fiber,
- The protein content should be within the normal range.
All healthy diets, including the ninth diet, are based on correct food intake. You need to eat often and eat less. In general, the frequency should be 5 or 6 times a day.
Fried or stewed food should be eaten as little as possible or completely forgotten. It should be baked and boiled first. It's best to design a menu for the week, because this makes it easier to track it. The following products should be particularly preferred:
- Lean meat
- Lean fish
- Vegetables with no more than 5% carbohydrate content,
- Fruits (not all),
- Natural drinks without sugar.
As for condiments and eggs, consumption should be restricted. This is especially true for egg yolks. Daily protein intake should not exceed 1. 5 tablets. In addition to having to exclude sweets from the diabetic menu, pasta, pasta and pastries, and pickled vegetables are also banned.
Bananas, dates, figs, grapes and all their derivatives should not be absolutely consumed. The same applies to fats such as pork, lamb and beef. In order to obtain the necessary fat, you should consume butter (without salt) and vegetable oil in moderation.
The diet number 9 is the basis for specifying essential nutrients. Adjust according to the personal indicators of diabetic patients. You can combine different types of diets and find a diet that suits you.
What is a bread unit?
Since the focus of proper nutrition for diabetics is to consume a certain amount of carbohydrates, then you should know how this precious standard is determined, depending on how much and what food you need to eat.
All products, including carbohydrates, have different physical properties and calories. These characteristics are not restricted by the usual measurement methods. In addition, the nutrition of diabetic patients needs to strengthen the control of their daily intake.
In order to make it easier to determine how much of this or that product you need to eat, rather than exceed the allowable range, nutritionists have introduced the term "bread unit". This concept is used when diabetic patients are taking insulin.
With such a unit of measurement, it is easier for people to understand what can be eaten and what can not be drink. He develops a healthy menu based on personal indicators, and he can also replace some foods with other foods that contain carbohydrates.
Generally, a person should consume 18 to 25 such units per day. Since there should be five meals, it is logical to allocate this amount reasonably at all times. The main "dose" should enter the body in the first half of the day. To track the number of bread units consumed, you can write a menu for yourself on a daily basis.
How many calories are consumed every day?
Diabetes diet requires rejection of many foods and dishes that may have previously been included in the daily diet. However, you should not confuse the foods that allow you to normalize your blood sugar levels with the foods needed to lose excess weight.
Nutrition for type 1 diabetes aims to accurately calculate how much insulin is needed. In this case, the caloric content does not play such an important role. It must be monitored to avoid weight gain.
The type 2 diabetic diet does require increased control of calorie intake, as it usually develops under obesity. However, it is not worth bringing their numbers to the frenzy.
The number of calories per day is calculated according to various indicators of the body. The diet itself should be low carbohydrates, but this does not mean a complete lack of carbohydrates. You need to be full, but it is important not to overeat.
When questions arise about what can be eaten by people with type 2 diabetes, many people think that you almost need to sit on bread crumbs and water. This is absolutely impossible. Food should be complete and contain vitamins and fiber.
There are various recipes for delicious, satisfying and healthy dishes that will not restore you, but at the same time one will be full of strength and vitality. You should discuss with your doctor what specific foods should be consumed and the approximate number of calories allowed per day.
Useful and unhealthy foods
Low-carb diets are different. For a healthy person, they are not as strict as someone who has been diagnosed with diabetes. But they have the same meaning. Their main product lists are different, divided into products that are healthy and harmful to diabetics.
it works
- Various vegetables,
- Vegetables (spinach, sorrel, dill),
- mushroom,
- Meat and fish (lean meat),
- Coffee and tea,
- mineral water.
harmful
Increase sugar moderately:
- Potato,
- cereals,
- Pasta, including hard varieties,
- Dairy products.
Strongly increase sugar:
- candy,
- sugar,
- Sweetened drinks,
- alcohol,
- Grapes and their derivatives,
- Hot and salty seasoning.
This product division is generally accepted and is often used as the basis for developing diabetes menus. But what is good for one person may be bad for another. Since everything is relative, a separate diet is prepared for each diabetic patient.
How to eat obese
It is believed that if you want to lose weight, you must adhere to a strict low-calorie diet. But the point is, it doesn't work. A large number of studies have shown that with the reduction of calorie content in the diet, no other situations occur except for continuous hunger, hunger, fainting, and nervousness.
Through this diet, you can literally lose a few kilograms, but if the body is known for its elasticity and good muscles at the same time, then this is everything. The subcutaneous fat does not go anywhere, but sometimes it accumulates more.
A protein diet includes active protein intake while reducing fat and carbohydrate intake. This method itself is not bad, but it also has its own nuances. Again, it is impossible to overdose protein, and it is completely forbidden to exclude fat from the diet. Lack of carbohydrates will lead to loss of life energy.
In the end, it all boils down to a low-carb diet. For its part, it is necessary to reduce the sugar content. In terms of weight loss, she is not a complete savior, but she is the best among all the people presented. Its advantage is that all the necessary elements needed to sustain life activities enter the body.
Therefore, when there are reasonable amounts of natural fats, proteins and carbohydrates, the body does not need to produce deposits. The metabolism starts to work like a clock, there is no chronic hunger, the symptoms of the disease almost disappear, and the person becomes more active.
Type 1 diabetes diet
In order to maintain a healthy body with type 1 diabetes, a low-carbohydrate diet is also required. But in this case, it must be strict. Although the diet number 9 is often used as a basis, the table number has no special effect here.
The problem is that even the effects of insulin are quite different, so it is quite difficult to normalize the indicators. This is why it is necessary to adhere to a certain diet. The fewer carbohydrates that enter the body, the less insulin is needed.
It should be understood that your own diet is related to your personal insulin dose. Therefore, when formulating a menu, you need to consider the number of medicines. It's best to schedule it daily to make it easier to follow.
Type 2 diabetes diet
Since type 2 diabetes is less complex than type 1, diet is essential for weight loss and prevention of the future. Similarly, a low-carbohydrate diet is also recommended. Of course, this is an approximate diet that is being adjusted. Its significance lies in the normalization of glucose and insulin in the blood, and the control of insulin resistance.
Some people practice taking various weight-loss drugs and treating them with folk remedies. You should forget the first one, because these drugs are meaningless at best.
Generally, folk remedies include any herbal infusions and decoctions. If you really understand medicinal plants, then it may make a difference, but you should not use it as a basis for treatment.
Renal Failure
In the context of this disease, kidney failure may occur. It should be understood that it is not caused by dietary protein, as many people mistakenly believe, but by high blood sugar levels.
When the glucose level returns to normal, the active development of the disease is suspended. For this, diet helps. Protein is not excluded from the diet, but you need to use carbohydrates. Ordinary people getting proper nutrition can even lead to complete kidney recovery.
However, if this process goes to extremes, then healthy kidneys will not be able to recover. In addition, in this case, a low-carbohydrate diet will accelerate the destruction process. In order not to cause this, you need to monitor your condition and control your nutrition. A table created for yourself will help, and if necessary, you can arrange dishes and insulin doses.
Other important points
Diabetes can develop at any age. In children, it may occur in the context of overeating in flour products and sweets. Finding the problem in time and starting to solve it correctly can avoid complications.
In women, this disease can occur for various reasons. Constant stress, rich nutrition (mainly unhealthy foods), and inactivity can cause overweight, which can lead to type 2 diabetes.
Normally, this disease appears during pregnancy. This is due to hormonal imbalance. In addition, women can actively consume foods that can lead to the development of diabetes during this period.
In general, pregnant women’s diet is not so strict, the purpose of which is to normalize the processes in the body and partly reduce weight, but at the same time it will not cause harm to the fetus.
For gestational diabetes or gestational diabetes, strict nutrition can only be discussed with a specialist. Taking into account the fact that the fetus develops in parallel, diet should be adjusted. By excluding any products, you may harm your unborn child.
The frequency of type 2 diabetes in men is slightly lower than in women. This is because their metabolism speeds up slightly. But junk food, alcohol addiction and little physical activity can easily cause such problems.